Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2024 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Background Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in the world. Up to 84% of diagnosed patients have malnutrition, which can negatively affect quality of life and survival and may worsen with neoadjuvant treatment. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-Derived Phase Angle (PhA) in these patients could be a valid tool to assess the nutritional status in order to improve their condition. Methods This review provides an update on PhA assessment in lung cancer patients over the past twenty years. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, for articles regarding the PhA obtained from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in lung cancer patients. The authors independently performed a literature search: sample size, patient population, study type, study dates, survival and interventions were evaluated. The final review included 11 studies from different countries. Results Eight studies only considered patients with lung cancer, while three studies considered patients with different kind of cancer, including lung. Correlation data between PhA and age are conflicting. In patients undergoing clinical treatment and patients undergoing surgical treatment lower PhA was observed. A lower PhA is associated with a shorter survival. In three studies emerged a relationship between Karnofski Performance Status and Handgrip Strenght with PhA. From one study, univariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher PhA values represent a protective factor for sarcopenia. Conclusion Our research underlined interesting, but not conclusive, results on this topic; however more researches are needed to understand the clinical meaning of PhA....
Background This study was to explore the causal associations of sleep traits including sleep duration, snoring, chronotype, sleep disorders, getting up in the morning, sleeplessness/insomnia and nap during day with the risk of thyroid cancer based on Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Method Summary single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-phenotype association data were obtained from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using the FinnGen and UK Biobank databases. A series of screening processes were performed to select qualified SNPs strongly related to exposure. We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW), the Mendelian Randomization robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS), the Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and the Weighted Median to estimate the causal links between sleep traits and the risk of thyroid cancer. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results The IVW results showed that getting up in the morning (OR = 0.055, 95%CI: 0.004–0.741) and napping during day (OR = 0.031, 95%CI: 0.002–0.462) were associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer in the Italian population. A 1.30-h decrease of sleep duration was associated with 7.307-fold of thyroid cancer risk in the Finnish population (OR = 7.307, 95%CI: 1.642–32.519). Cronotype could decrease the risk of thyroid cancer in the Finnish population (OR = 0.282, 95%CI: 0.085–0.939). Sleep disorders increased the risk of thyroid cancer in the Finnish population (OR = 2.298, 95%CI: 1.194–4.422). The combined results revealed that sleep duration was correlated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 5.600, 95%CI: 1.458–21.486). Conclusion Decreased sleep duration was associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer, which indicated the importance of adequate sleep for the prevention of thyroid cancer....
Because of the high prevalence of bone destruction in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), physical exercise is oftentimes discouraged by healthcare providers. The goal of this prospective trial was to investigate the feasibility of two six-month exercise interventions in patients withMM(N = 42): a remotely prompted home-based walking intervention or a supervised strength training intervention. Physical function and pain were assessed with the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) Basic Mobility Short Form raw score, a six-minute walk test (6 MWT), a 30-second sit-to-stand test (30 SST), a timed up-and-go (TUG) test, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, handheld dynamometer tests, heart rate at rest, blood oxygen saturation at rest, and body mass index. No intervention-related serious adverse events were observed. Adverse events mostly affected the musculoskeletal system. In the resistance training group (n = 24), patients showed significant improvements in AM-PAC, TUG, 6 MWT, and 30 SST, with all effects but the 6 MWT sustained six months after the intervention. The walking group (n = 18) saw improvements in the AM-PAC, TUG, 6 MWT, and 30 SST, with a sustained change in the AM-PAC and TUG. This trial shows the feasibility of both exercise interventions with a sustained beneficial effect on the physical functioning of a six-month strength training intervention and, to a lesser extent, a six-month unsupervised walking intervention. A larger study building on these findings is currently underway....
Background Cancer is a leading global cause of death. Conventional cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have associated side effects. Ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic and iron-dependent cell death, has been identified and differs from other cell death types. Research has shown that ferroptosis can promote and inhibit tumor growth, which may have prognostic value. Given the unclear role of ferroptosis in cancer biology, this meta-analysis aims to investigate its impact on cancer prognosis. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted searches on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Eight retrospective studies were included to compare the impact of ferroptosis inhibition and promotion on cancer patient prognosis. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Studies lacking clear descriptions of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for OS and PFS were excluded. Randomeffects meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on the included study data to assess prognosis differences between the experimental and control groups. Meta-analysis results included HR and 95% confidence intervals. This study has been registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42023463720 on September 27, 2023. Results A total of 2,446 articles were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 5 articles with 938 eligible subjects. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis after bias exclusion. The meta-analysis, after bias exclusion, demonstrated that promoting ferroptosis could increase cancer patients’ overall survival (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.21–0.44) and progressionfree survival (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16–0.44) compared to ferroptosis inhibition. The results showed moderate heterogeneity, suggesting that biological activities promoting cancer cell ferroptosis are beneficial for cancer patient’s prognosis. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that the promotion of ferroptosis yields substantial benefits for cancer prognosis. These findings underscore the untapped potential of ferroptosis as an innovative anti-tumor therapeutic strategy, capable of addressing challenges related to drug resistance, limited therapeutic efficacy, and unfavorable prognosis in cancer treatment....
Purpose To determine the impact of the loco-regional treatment modality, on the loco-regional recurrence (LRR) rates and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients younger than 40 years. Methods Data of 623 breast cancer patients younger than 40 years of age were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified according to the locoregional treatment approach into three groups: the mastectomy group (M), the mastectomy followed by radiation therapy group (MRX) and the breast conservative therapy group (BCT). Results Median follow-up was 72 months (range, 6-180). Two hundred and nine patients were treated with BCT, 86 with MRM and 328 with MRX. The 10-year rate LRR rates according to treatment modality were: 13.4% for BCT, 15.1% for MRM and 8.5% for MRX (p 0.106). On univariate analysis, T stage (p 0.009), AJCC stage (p 0.047) and Her 2 status (p 0.001) were associated with LRR. Ten-year overall survival (OS) was 72.7% (78.5% in the BCT group, 69.8% in the MRM group and 69.8% in the MRX group, p 0.072). On Univariate analysis, age < 35 (p 0.032), grade III (p 0.001), N3 stage (p 0.001), AJCC stage III (p 0.005), ER negative status (0.04), Her 2-status positive (0.006) and lack of chemotherapy administration (p 0.02) were all predictors of increased mortality. Conclusion For patients younger than 40 years of age, similar LRR and overall survival outcomes were achieved using BCT, M or MRX. Young age at diagnosis should not be used alone in recommending one loco-regional treatment approach over the others....
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